Interventions for improving psychological detachment from work: A meta-analysis.

Psychological detachment from work during off-job time is crucial to sustaining employee health and well-being. However, this can be difficult to achieve, particularly when job stress is high and recovery is most needed. Boosting detachment from work is therefore of interest to many employees and organizations, and over the last decade numerous interventions have been developed and evaluated. The aim of this meta-analysis was to review and statistically synthesize the state of research on interventions designed to improve detachment both at work and outside of it. After a systematic search (covering the period 1998-2020) of the published and unpublished literature, 30 studies with 34 interventions (N = 3,725) were included. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model. Interventions showed a significant positive effect on detachment from work (d = 0.36) on average. Moderator analyses revealed that it did not matter how the different studies conceptualized detachment but that the context in which detachment was measured (outside or at work) significantly influenced intervention effectiveness. Furthermore, using the stressor-detachment model as the organizing framework, we found that while interventions addressing job stressors or altering primary and secondary appraisal were all effective, only the interventions that addressed primary appraisal were more effective than those that did not. Additionally, while the delivery format did not moderate intervention effectiveness, interventions with longer durations and higher dosages were more effective than shorter and lower dosage interventions. Finally, interventions were more effective among older participants and participants with initial health or recovery-related impairments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Being mindful at work and at home: A diary study on predictors and consequences of domain-specific mindfulness.

Although previous research on mindfulness predominantly focused on benefits of mindfulness, this study investigates quantitative and emotional demands as contextual antecedents of mindful awareness and acceptance both in the work and home domains. In addition, we examine goal attainment and satisfaction in the work and home domains as consequences of mindful awareness and acceptance. Results of a diary study across 5 workdays with 2 daily measurement occasions among 233 employees revealed that both in the work and home domains, quantitative demands were positively associated with awareness, but not with acceptance, whereas emotional demands were positively associated with acceptance, but not with awareness. Awareness and acceptance were both associated with increased goal attainment and satisfaction in both life domains. We did not find strong evidence for cross-domain relations between demands and mindfulness on the one hand and between mindfulness and goal attainment and satisfaction on the other hand. In sum, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of mindfulness by shedding light on contextualized forms of mindfulness and considering both the awareness and acceptance facets of mindfulness and their contextual predictors and consequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The role of job demands and negative work reflection in employees' trajectory of sleep quality over the workweek.

This study investigated interindividual differences in employees' trajectory of sleep quality over a 5-day workweek. We hypothesized that sleep quality is entrained to the rhythm of the workweek showing a linear increase from Monday to Friday. Moreover, we proposed that employees' chronic job demands (time pressure and social stress) and their negative work reflection on Sunday night moderated the sleep quality trajectory. In this study, 132 employees completed a baseline questionnaire assessing chronic job demands and age, and daily morning surveys from Monday to Friday assessing sleep quality and negative work reflection on Sunday. On average, sleep quality did not significantly change from Monday to Friday. However, negative work reflection moderated the sleep quality trajectory: When negative work reflection was high, the start level of sleep quality on Monday was lower and sleep quality displayed a linear increase over the workweek. When negative work reflection was low, employees' sleep quality remained stable throughout the week. Chronic social stress, but not time pressure, indirectly affected employees' sleep quality trajectory via negative work reflection on Sunday. Further, results revealed age differences in the effects of social stress on employees' sleep quality trajectory: The start level of sleep quality was lower and its increase over the workweek was stronger for older employees high on social stress. This study contributes to research on the dynamics of employee sleep and extends findings on age-differential effects of workplace characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Dual-earner couples' weekend recovery support, state of recovery, and work engagement: Work-linked relationship as a moderator.

Despite growing recovery research, little is known about couple-dyadic processes of recovery from work. Given that dual-earner couples experience most of their recovery opportunities during nonwork times when they are together, partners in a couple relationship may substantially affect recovery and work engagement. In this study, we propose a couple-dyadic model in which weekend partner recovery support (reported by the recipient partner) is positively related to the recipient partner's state of recovery after the weekend which, in turn, increases the recipient's work engagement the following week (actor-actor mediation effect). We also test the effect of one's state of recovery on the partner's subsequent work engagement (partner effect). Additionally, work-linked relationship status is tested as a moderator of the partner effect. Actor-partner interdependence mediation modeling is used to analyze the data from 167 dual-earner couples who answered surveys on 4 measurement occasions. The results support the indirect effect of partner recovery support on work engagement through the postweekend state of recovery. Multigroup analysis results reveal that the partner effect of state of recovery on work engagement is significant for work-linked couples only and is absent for non-work-linked couples. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record